A colonoscopy is a procedure performed by a gastroenterologist to examine the inside of the colon (large intestine) and rectum using a long, flexible tube with a camera called a colonoscope. It is a common screening test for detecting colon polyps, colorectal cancer, and other abnormalities. Here is an overview of what a colonoscopy involves:
- Preparation:
- Before the procedure, you will need to thoroughly clean out your colon to ensure a clear view during the examination. This typically involves following a special diet and taking laxatives or bowel-cleansing medications as prescribed by your doctor. It’s essential to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider to ensure an effective preparation.
- Sedation or Anesthesia:
- During the procedure, you may receive a sedative medication to help you relax and make you more comfortable. In some cases, general anesthesia may be used to induce a temporary sleep-like state.
- Insertion of the Colonoscope:
- You will lie on your side or back on an examination table. The colonoscope, a flexible tube about the thickness of a finger, is gently inserted into the rectum and gradually advanced through the colon.
- The colonoscope has a light and a camera at its tip, allowing the gastroenterologist to visualize the colon lining on a monitor in real-time.
- Visual Examination:
- As the colonoscope is guided through the colon, the doctor carefully examines the lining of the colon for abnormalities, such as polyps, tumors, or signs of inflammation.
- If necessary, small tissue samples (biopsies) may be taken for further analysis.
- Polyp Removal:
- During the colonoscopy, if any polyps are identified, they can be removed or destroyed using specialized instruments passed through the colonoscope. This is typically done to prevent the development of colon cancer or to investigate the nature of the polyp further.
- Air or Carbon Dioxide Insufflation:
- To help provide a clear view and widen the colon, air or carbon dioxide may be gently introduced into the colon during the procedure. This may cause a feeling of pressure or bloating, but it is temporary.
- Completion and Recovery:
- Once the examination of the entire colon is completed, the colonoscope is gradually withdrawn.
- After the procedure, you will be monitored in a recovery area until the sedation or anesthesia wears off.
- It’s common to experience gas and mild cramping after the procedure, but these symptoms typically resolve on their own.
The procedure itself usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes, but the preparation and recovery time may vary. It’s important to discuss any specific instructions or concerns with your healthcare provider prior to the procedure.